Many women discover they have uterine fibroids during a health check-up, and their first reaction is: "Do I have a tumour?" In fact, uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumours of the female reproductive system. They rarely become cancerous, most affected women never experience any symptoms, and no treatment is needed at all.

Why do fibroids develop?

The exact cause of fibroids is not yet fully understood, but they are believed to be related to oestrogen and progesterone levels. That is why they occur mostly during the reproductive years and often shrink after menopause. Genetic factors also play a role — women whose mother or sisters have a history of fibroids are at higher risk. Obesity and never having given birth are also associated factors.

Common symptoms

Most fibroids cause no symptoms at all. When a fibroid is large or in a particular location, it may cause: heavier menstrual bleeding or prolonged periods, a feeling of heaviness or a palpable lump in the lower abdomen, frequent urination or constipation (pressure symptoms), and worsened period pain. If heavy bleeding leads to anaemia, seek medical attention promptly.

What should you do if fibroids are found?

Doctors make a comprehensive assessment based on the size, number and location of the fibroids, your symptoms and your fertility plans:

1. Small fibroids without symptoms: regular ultrasound follow-up is sufficient, usually once every 6 to 12 months;
2. Fibroids with symptoms: medication can help control menstrual bleeding and shrink the fibroids;
3. Severe symptoms or very large fibroids: minimally invasive surgery (such as hysteroscopy or laparoscopy) or non-invasive treatments such as focused ultrasound (HIFU) may be considered; the specific plan must be assessed by a specialist.

Everyday care

Maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet and having regular gynaecological check-ups are the most practical ways to manage fibroids. There is no need to panic when fibroids are found, but they should not be ignored entirely — regular follow-up and ongoing communication with your doctor is the soundest strategy.